About the Podcast: 60-Second Civics is a daily podcast that provides a quick and convenient way for listeners to learn about our nation’s government, the Constitution, and our history. The podcast explores themes related to civics and government, the constitutional issues behind the headlines, and the people and ideas that formed our nation’s history and government.
Get Involved: Join the conversation about each episode on Twitter. Or you can contact the show by emailing Mark Gage. Let me know what you think!
You Can Help: 60-Second Civics is supported by private donations. You can help keep the podcasts coming by donating, buying an ebook, or by writing a nice review in iTunes to help others discover the show. We love our listeners. You are the reason we created the podcast. Thank you for your kind support!
Music: The theme music for 60-Second Civics is provided by Cheryl B. Engelhardt. You can find her online at cbemusic.com. The song featured on the podcast is Cheryl B. Engelhardt's "Complacent," which you purchase on iTunes, along with all of Cheryl's music.
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60-Second Civics: Episode 876, Civil Rights, Part 11: Rosa Parks and the Montgomery bus boycott. On today's podcast, we discuss Rosa Parks, the NAACP, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Montgomery bus boycott.
60-Second Civics: Episode 875, Civil Rights, Part 10: Preparation and education Today we examine the importance of preparation and education in the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 874, Civil Rights, Part 9: Nonviolent direct action On today's podcast we learn about the NAACP and other civil rights organizations and examine nonviolent direct action.
60-Second Civics: Episode 873, Civil Rights, Part 8: Resisting Jim Crow On today's episode, we discuss Jim Crow laws and the ways African Americans organized to resist them.
60-Second Civics: Episode 870, Civil Rights, Part 5: Discrimination's lasting impact Today we learn why the Brown v. Board of Education decisions were not universally popular.
60-Second Civics: Episode 869, Civil Rights, Part 4: Desegregation and the Supreme Court Today we discuss the two Brown v. Board of Education decisions.
60-Second Civics: Episode 864, Civic Engagement, Part 20: Self-interest and the common good Today we discuss the link between self-interest and the common good.
60-Second Civics: Episode 863, Civic Engagement, Part 19: Benefits of civic engagement On today's podcast, we discuss the benefits of civic engagement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 862, Civic Engagement, Part 18: Making voting easier On today's podcast, we discuss how states are making it easier for citizens to vote.
60-Second Civics: Episode 859, Civic Engagement, Part 15: Influencing the executive branch On today's podcast, we discuss howe citizens can influence the executive branch.
60-Second Civics: Episode 858, Civic Engagement, Part 14: Contacting your representatives Today we learn how citizens can communicate with members of Congress and other national officials.
60-Second Civics: Episode 857, Civic Engagement, Part 13: Public participation in national politics Today we learn how citizens can participate in national politics.
60-Second Civics: Episode 855, Civic Engagement, Part 11: Local government Today we examine the role of local government and the responsibilities of citizens.
60-Second Civics: Episode 854, Civic Engagement, Part 10: Citizenship and local government On today's podcast, we discuss the role of local government in developing qualities of citizenship and self-government.
60-Second Civics: Episode 853, Civic Engagement, Part 9: Nongovernmental organizations Today, we discuss the role nongovernmental organizations play in American civic life.
60-Second Civics: Episode 852, Civic Engagement, Part 8: Service and business organizations On today's episode, we discuss the role service and business organizations play in civic life in the United States.
60-Second Civics: Episode 851, Civic Engagement, Part 7: Social organizations On today's episode, we discuss the role social organizations play in civic life in the United States.
60-Second Civics: Episode 850, Civic Engagement, Part 6: Religious organizations and civic life Today we discuss the participation of Americans in religious organizations.
60-Second Civics: Episode 849, Civic Engagement, Part 5: Voluntary associations Today we explain why people in the United States participate in voluntary associations.
60-Second Civics: Episode 848, Civic Engagement, Part 4: Toqueville and voluntary associations On today's episode, we discuss Alexis de Toqueville's impressions of voluntary associations in America.
60-Second Civics: Episode 846, Civic Engagement, Part 2: The American experiment in self-government On today's podcast, we discuss the American experiment in self-government.
60-Second Civics: Episode 843, Citizenship, Part 30: Alien voting On the podcast today, we discuss whether noncitizens should be allowed to vote in American elections.
60-Second Civics: Episode 842, Citizenship, Part 29: The right to vote is not universal Today we discuss which citizens of the United States generally do not qualify to vote in national elections.
60-Second Civics: Episode 841, Citizenship, Part 28: Citizenship and public office On today's episode, we discuss the right of citizens to and residents to vote and hold public office.
60-Second Civics: Episode 839, Citizenship, Part 26: Giving up U.S. citizenship On today's podcast, we discuss the various ways in which a person could give up U.S. citizenship.
60-Second Civics: Episode 838, Citizenship, Part 25: Citizenship cannot be taken away Today we discuss how the Eighth Amendment prohibits the government from stripping a person of their citizenship as a form of punishment.
60-Second Civics: Episode 837, Citizenship, Part 24: Controversy surrounding dual national citizenship On today's podcast, we discuss arguments for and against dual national citizenship.
60-Second Civics: Episode 836, Citizenship, Part 23: Dual national citizenship as public policy Today we examine the public policy issues surrounding dual national citizenship.
60-Second Civics: Episode 832, Citizenship, Part 19: Government policy and Native American citizenship On today's episode, we describe the constitutional relationship between Native American tribes and the U.S. government.
60-Second Civics: Episode 831, Citizenship, Part 18: Native American citizenship Today we begin our discussion of the legal status of Native Americans in the United States.
60-Second Civics: Episode 830, Citizenship, Part 17: Criteria for naturalization On today's podcast, we discuss the criteria for naturalization as an American citizen.
60-Second Civics: Episode 828, Citizenship, Part 15: Out of many, one On today's episode, we discuss citizenship, federalism, and the sentiment embodied by E Pluribus Unum.
60-Second Civics: Episode 827, Citizenship, Part 14: The Fourteenth Amendment defines citizenship On today's episode, we examine how the Fourteenth Amendment defines national citizenship.
60-Second Civics: Episode 826, Citizenship, Part 13: National Citizenship, African Americans, and the Constitutional Convention On the podcast today, we discuss why delegates to the Constitutional Convention could not agree on a definition of citizenship.
60-Second Civics: Episode 825, Citizenship, Part 12: Tension between state and national citizenship in the early republic Today we discuss the problem of national identity in the early United States.
60-Second Civics: Episode 824, Citizenship, Part 11: Citizenship requirements after the American Revolution On the podcast today, we explore requirements for citizenship in post-Revolutionary America.
60-Second Civics: Episode 823, Citizenship, Part 10: Evolving ideas about citizenship On today's podcast, we discuss Americans' evolving ideas about citizenship.
60-Second Civics: Episode 822, Citizenship, Part 8: Alexis de Tocqueville on civic virtue in the United States Citizenship, Part 8: Alexis de Tocqueville on civic virtue in the United States
60-Second Civics: Episode 821, Citizenship, Part 8: Alexis de Tocqueville on civic virtue in the United States Citizenship, Part 8: Alexis de Tocqueville on civic virtue in the United States
60-Second Civics: Episode 818, Citizenship, Part 5: How can civic virtue and self-interest coexist? Citizenship, Part 5: How can civic virtue and self-interest coexist?
60-Second Civics: Episode 817, Citizenship, Part 4: Natural rights and the Founders Today we learn the principles of natural rights philosophy and how this philosophy influenced the Founders.
60-Second Civics: Episode 816, Citizenship, Part 3: Early American political life In this episode, we learn about the characteristics of early American political life.
60-Second Civics: Episode 813, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 24: The Supreme Court and capital punishment Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 24: The Supreme Court and capital punishment
60-Second Civics: Episode 812, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 23: Capital punishment Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 23: Capital punishment
60-Second Civics: Episode 811, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 22: No cruel and unusual punishments Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 22: No cruel and unusual punishments
60-Second Civics: Episode 810, Episode 810: Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 21: Prohibition of excessive fines Episode 810: Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 21: Prohibition of excessive fines
60-Second Civics: Episode 808, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 19: Jury composition On today's episode, we examine the requirement for unanimous verdicts.
60-Second Civics: Episode 807, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 18: Jury size Today we learn whether juries are required in all criminal cases and whether juries must be composed of 12 people.
60-Second Civics: Episode 806, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 17: Right to trial by an impartial jury Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 17: Right to trial by an impartial jury
60-Second Civics: Episode 805, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 16: Right to counsel, right to confront Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 16: Right to counsel, right to confront
60-Second Civics: Episode 804, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 15: Responding to pretrial publicity Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 15: Responding to pretrial publicity
60-Second Civics: Episode 802, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 13: Public trial vs. a fair trial Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 13: Public trial vs. a fair trial
60-Second Civics: Episode 801, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 12: Right to a speedy and public trial Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 12: Right to a speedy and public trial
60-Second Civics: Episode 799, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 10: Adversary and inquisitorial systems of justice Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 10: Adversary and inquisitorial systems of justice
60-Second Civics: Episode 798, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 9: Right to counsel Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 9: Right to counsel
60-Second Civics: Episode 796, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 7: State indictment procedures Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 7: State indictment procedures
60-Second Civics: Episode 793, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 4: The importance of the pretrial period Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 4: The importance of the pretrial period
60-Second Civics: Episode 792, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 3: Procedural rights Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 3: Procedural rights
60-Second Civics: Episode 791, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 2: Protecting the innocent Today we discuss how the procedural rules of the Bill of Rights protect the innocent.
60-Second Civics: Episode 790, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 1: Introduction On today's episode, we introduce our series on the Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments.
60-Second Civics: Episode 789, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 19: Dickerson v. United States Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 19: Dickerson v. United States
60-Second Civics: Episode 788, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 18: Miranda v. Arizona On the podcast today, we look at the 1966 Supreme Court case, Miranda v. Arizona.
60-Second Civics: Episode 787, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 17: Limits of self-incrimination protections On the podcast today, we learn that the Fifth Amendment is a personal right and what this fact means.
60-Second Civics: Episode 786, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 16: Self-incrimination's history Today we learn about the Fifth Amendment's limitation of the government's power to obtain incriminating statements.
60-Second Civics: Episode 785, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 15: Right against self-incrimination On the podcast today, we learn about the right against self-incrimination and use immunity.
60-Second Civics: Episode 784, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 14: When warrants are not required Today we learn about when warrants are not required.
60-Second Civics: Episode 783, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 13: Alternatives to the exclusionary rule On today's podcast, we learn about other ways to check the abuse of power by law enforcement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 782, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 12: Exceptions to exclusionary rule requirements Today we learn about the Supreme Court's modifications to the exclusionary rule.
60-Second Civics: Episode 781, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 11: The exclusionary rule extended to states On today's episode, we discuss how the exclusionary rule has been extended to the states.
60-Second Civics: Episode 779, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 9: When warrants are not required On the podcast today, we discuss time when law enforcement officers are not required to obtain a warrant?
60-Second Civics: Episode 778, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 8: Warrants and probable cause Today we discuss the Fourth Amendment's requirement for police to obtain a warrant.
60-Second Civics: Episode 776, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 6: Tyranny and unreasonable search and seizure On today's podcast, we discuss Justice Robert Jackson's observation about unreasonable searches and seizures.
60-Second Civics: Episode 775, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 5: Description of the Fourth Amendment Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 5: Description of the Fourth Amendment
60-Second Civics: Episode 774, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 4: General warrants and the American Revolution Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 4: General warrants and the American Revolution
60-Second Civics: Episode 773, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 3: General warrants in the American colonies Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 3: General warrants in the American colonies
60-Second Civics: Episode 772, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 2: Warrants and general warrants Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 2: Warrants and general warrants
60-Second Civics: Episode 770, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 14: Tocqueville on American public spirit Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 14: Tocqueville on American public spirit
60-Second Civics: Episode 769, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 13: Examples of government regulation of private groups Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 13: Examples of government regulation of private groups
60-Second Civics: Episode 768, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 12: Government regulation of private groups Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 12: Government regulation of private groups
60-Second Civics: Episode 767, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 11: Supreme Court cases regarding the right to associate Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 11: Supreme Court cases regarding the right to associate and the Supreme Court
60-Second Civics: Episode 766, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 10: Introduction to the right of association Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 10: Introduction to the right of associationToday we discuss two criteria for deciding time, place, and manner restrictions in freedom of assembly cases.
60-Second Civics: Episode 765, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 9: Assembly and time, place, and manner restrictions Today we discuss two criteria for deciding time, place, and manner restrictions in freedom of assembly cases.
60-Second Civics: Episode 764, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 8: Restrictions on free assembly On today's episode, we discuss freedom of assembly.
60-Second Civics: Episode 763, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 7: The right to petition today Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 7: The right to petition today
60-Second Civics: Episode 762, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 6: Women's use of petition and assembly to gain civil rights Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 6: Women's use of petition and assembly to gain civil rights
60-Second Civics: Episode 761, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 5: Suppression of speech in the United States Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 5: Suppression of speech in the United States
60-Second Civics: Episode 760, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 4: Petition and gag rule Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 4: Petition and gag rule
60-Second Civics: Episode 759, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 3: The right to petition and the American Revolution Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 3: The right to petition and the American Revolution
60-Second Civics: Episode 758, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 2: Rights of Assembly and Petition Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 2: Rights to Assembly and Petition
60-Second Civics: Episode 757, Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 1: Overview Freedom to Assemble, Petition, and Associate, Part 1: Overview
60-Second Civics: Episode 755, Freedom of Speech, Part 16: Freedom of expression in times of war Freedom of Speech, Part 16: Freedom of expression in times of war
60-Second Civics: Episode 752, Freedom of Speech, Part 13: Time, place, and manner restrictions Freedom of Speech, Part 13: Time, place, and manner restrictions
60-Second Civics: Episode 751, Freedom of Speech, Part 12: Unfair discrimination and speech Freedom of Speech, Part 12: Unfair discrimination and speech
60-Second Civics: Episode 750, Freedom of Speech, Part 11: Supreme Court rules on limiting free expression Freedom of Speech, Part 11: Supreme Court rules on limiting free expression
60-Second Civics: Episode 747, Freedom of Speech, Part 8: John Peter Zenger and seditious libel Freedom of Speech, Part 8: John Peter Zenger and seditious libel
60-Second Civics: Episode 743, Freedom of Speech, Part 4: Advancement of knowledge; representative government Freedom of Speech, Part 4: Advancement of knowledge; representative government
60-Second Civics: Episode 742, Freedom of Speech, Part 3: Individual growth and human dignity Freedom of Speech, Part 3: Individual growth and human dignity
60-Second Civics: Episode 738, Freedom of Religion, Part 17: Free exercise and student rights Freedom of Religion, Part 17: Free exercise and student rights
60-Second Civics: Episode 737, Freedom of Religion, Part 16: Free exercise clause and the Supreme Court Freedom of Religion, Part 16: Free exercise clause and the Supreme Court
60-Second Civics: Episode 735, Freedom of Religion, Part 14: Analysis of establishment clause cases Freedom of Religion, Part 14: Analysis of establishment clause cases
60-Second Civics: Episode 733, Freedom of Religion, Part 12: Narrow interpretation Today we discuss the narrow interpretation of the establishment clause.
60-Second Civics: Episode 732, Freedom of Religion, Part 11: Broad interpretation On today's podcast, we identify the three categories interpretation of the establishment clause.
60-Second Civics: Episode 731, Freedom of Religion, Part 10: Incorporation of church and state separation Today we examine the disappearance of established religion in the states.
60-Second Civics: Episode 730, Freedom of Religion, Part 9: States separate church and state On the podcast today, we learn about the development of religious tolerance in early America.
60-Second Civics: Episode 729, Freedom of Religion, Part 8: Established religion Today we describe eighteenth-century American attitudes about established religion.
60-Second Civics: Episode 728, Freedom of Religion, Part 7: Early American views on freedom of belief In this episode, we examine early American views on religion, character, and freedom of belief.
60-Second Civics: Episode 725, Freedom of Religion, Part 4: Religious persecution in the American colonies Freedom of Religion, Part 4: Religious persecution in the American colonies
60-Second Civics: Episode 724, Freedom of Religion, Part 3: Europeans accept the legitimacy of established churches Freedom of Religion, Part 3: Europeans accept the legitimacy of established churches
60-Second Civics: Episode 723, Freedom of Religion, Part 2: Violence during the Reformation Freedom of Religion, Part 2: Violence during the Reformation
60-Second Civics: Episode 722, Freedom of Religion, Part 1: Introduction to establishment and free exercise Freedom of Religion, Part 1: Introduction to establishment and free exercise
60-Second Civics: Episode 721, Bill of Rights, Part 24: The fame and obscurity of the Bill of Rights Bill of Rights, Part 24: The fame and obscurity of the Bill of Rights
60-Second Civics: Episode 718, Bill of Rights, Part 21: Rights protected in the Constitution Bill of Rights, Part 21: Rights protected in the Constitution
60-Second Civics: Episode 712, Bill of Rights, Part 15: Positive rights in the Bill of Rights Bill of Rights, Part 15: Positive rights in the Bill of Rights
60-Second Civics: Episode 707, Bill of Rights, Part 10: The rights of categories of people and institutions Bill of Rights, Part 10: The rights of categories of people and institutions
60-Second Civics: Episode 705, Bill of Rights, Part 8: Bills of rights in state constitutions Bill of Rights, Part 8: Bills of rights in state constitutions
60-Second Civics: Episode 704, Bill of Rights, Part 7: Virginia Declaration of Rights and limits on government Bill of Rights, Part 7: Virginia Declaration of Rights and limits on government
60-Second Civics: Episode 703, Bill of Rights, Part 6: Virginia Declaration of Rights, Sections 2 and 3 Bill of Rights, Part 6: Virginia Declaration of Rights, Sections 2 and 3
60-Second Civics: Episode 702, Bill of Rights, Part 5: Virginia Declaration of Rights, Section 1 Bill of Rights, Part 5: Virginia Declaration of Rights, Section 1
60-Second Civics: Episode 699, Bill of Rights, Part 2: The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights Bill of Rights, Part 2: The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights
60-Second Civics: Episode 698, Bill of Rights, Part 1: Introduction Today, we begin an examination of bills of rights in general, and the U.S. Bill of Rights in particular.
60-Second Civics: Episode 694, Federalism, Part 24: States as laboratories of democracy On today's podcast we discuss the states as laboratories of democracy.
60-Second Civics: Episode 693, Federalism, Part 23: Grants-in-aid and federal influence over the states On today's episode, we discuss how federal grants-in-aid allow the national government to influence the states.
60-Second Civics: Episode 692, Federalism, Part 22: The Great Depression changes federalism Today we discuss how the Great Depression profoundly changed American federalism.
60-Second Civics: Episode 691, Federalism, Part 21: Grants-in-aid and the expansion of federal power On today's episode, we discuss the origins of federal grants-in-aid.
60-Second Civics: Episode 690, Federalism, Part 20: The regulatory powers of Congress over the interstate market in drugs On the podcast today, we examine Gonzalez v. Raich.
60-Second Civics: Episode 689, Federalism, Part 19: State and federal clashes over commerce On today's episode, we explore one example of state and federal conflict over commerce.
60-Second Civics: Episode 686, Federalism, Part 16: State constitutional amendments Today we examine how states have recently responded to the debate over same-sex marriage.
60-Second Civics: Episode 685, Federalism, Part 15: State constitutions and amendments On today's episode, we discuss state constitutions and efforts to amend them.
60-Second Civics: Episode 677, Federalism, Part 7: State constitutions and state bills of rights Federalism, Part 7: State constitutions and state bills of rights
60-Second Civics: Episode 676, Federalism, Part 6: Government needs popular support Today we learn about the tension between the supremacy clause and the powers of the states.
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